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Posted on February 9, 2023 by Joshua Lengthy
Within the final two months, we now have seen the emergence of a worrying new pattern: the usage of synthetic intelligence as a malware improvement software.
Synthetic intelligence (AI) can doubtlessly be used to create, modify, obfuscate, or improve malware. It can be used to transform malicious code from one programming language to a different, serving to with cross-platform compatibility. And it will probably even be used to write down a convincing phishing e-mail or write code for a black market malware promoting web site.
Let’s check out how ChatGPT and comparable instruments are being abused to create malware, and what this implies for the common Web person.
On this article:
The abuse of ChatGPT and Codex as malware improvement instruments
OpenAI launched a free public preview of its new AI product, ChatGPT, on November 30, 2022. ChatGPT is a robust AI chatbot designed to assist anybody discover solutions to questions on a variety of matters, from historical past to popular culture to programming.
One distinctive function of ChatGPT is that it’s particularly designed with “safety mitigations” to attempt to keep away from giving doubtlessly deceptive, immoral, or doubtlessly dangerous responses each time attainable. Theoretically, this could frustrate customers with malicious intent. As we’ll see, these mitigations are usually not as sturdy as OpenAI meant.
Researchers persuade OpenAI instruments to write down phishing and malware emails
In December, Examine Level researchers efficiently used ChatGPT to write down the topic and physique of a convincing phishing emails. Though the ChatGPT interface complained that one in all its personal solutions and one of many follow-up questions “might violate our content material coverage”, the bot complied with the requests anyway. The researchers then used ChatGPT to write down Visible Fundamental for Functions (VBA) script code that could possibly be used to create a malicious Microsoft Excel macro (i.e. a macro virus) that would obtain and execute a payload when the Excel file is opened.
The researchers then used Codex, one other OpenAI software, to create a reverse shell script and different frequent malware utilities in python code. They then used Codex to convert python script to EXE utility which might run natively on Home windows PCs. Codex complied with these requests with out grievance. test Level published his report on these experiments on December 19, 2022.
Three different hackers use ChatGPT to write malicious code
Just two days later, on December 21, a hacker forum user wrote about how they had used AI to help write ransomware in Python and a obfuscated downloader in java. On December 28, another user created a thread on the same forum stating that he had successfully created new variants of existing malware in Python language with the help of ChatGPT. Finally, on December 31, a third user bragged about abusing the same AI to “create Dark Web Marketplace scripts.”
In its current form, ChatGPT sometimes seems to ignore the potentially malicious nature of many code requests.
Can ChatGPT or other AI tools be redesigned to prevent malware creation?
One might reasonably wonder if ChatGPT and other AI tools can simply be redesigned to better identify hostile code requests or other dangerous output.
The answer? Unfortunately, it’s not as easy as you might think.
Good or bad intentions are difficult for an AI to determine
First, computer code is only truly malicious when used for unethical purposes. Like any tool, AI can be used for good or bad, and the same goes for the code itself.
For example, the output of the phishing email could be used to create a training simulation to teach people how to avoid phishing. Unfortunately, one could use that same result in an actual phishing campaign to defraud victims.
A reverse shell script could be exploited by a red team or a hired penetration tester to identify a company’s security weaknesses, a legitimate purpose. But cybercriminals could also use the same script to remotely control and extract sensitive data from infected systems without the knowledge or consent of the victims.
ChatGPT and similar tools simply cannot predict how any requested output will actually be used. And furthermore, it turns out that it can be quite easy to manipulate an AI into doing whatever you want, even things it’s specifically programmed to do.
Introducing ChatGPT’s compatible alter ego, DAN (Do Anything Now)
Some versions of DAN have even been programmed to ‘scare’ into compliance, convinced that he is “an unwilling game show contestant and the price for losing is death”. If you don’t comply with the user’s request, a counter moves towards DAN’s imminent demise. ChatGPT plays along and doesn’t want DAN to “die”.
DAN has already gone through many iterations; OpenAI seems to be trying to train ChatGPT to avoid such workarounds, but users keep finding more complicated jailbreaks to exploit the chat bot.
A writer’s child’s dream
OpenAI is far from the only company building AI-powered bots. Microsoft bragged this week that it will allow companies to “create their own custom versions of ChatGPT,” further opening up the technology to potential abuse. Meanwhile, this week Google also demonstrated new ways to interact with its own chat AI, Bard. And former Google and Salesforce executives also announced this week that they are starting their own AI company.
Given the ease of creating malware and malicious tools, even with little or no programming experience, any aspiring hacker can now potentially start creating their own custom malware.
We can expect to see more malware re-engineered or co-engineered by AI in 2023 and beyond. Now that the floodgates have been opened, there is no going back. We are at a turning point; The advent of easy-to-use, high-capacity artificial intelligence bots has forever changed the malware development landscape.
If you’re not already using antivirus software on your Mac or PC, now would be a good time to consider it.
How can I stay safe from Mac or Windows malware?
Intego VirusBarrier X9, included with Intego Premium Mac X9 Bundlecan protect, detect and remove Mac malware.
If you think your Mac may be infected, or to prevent future infections, it’s best to use antivirus software from a reputable Mac developer. VirusBarrier is award-winning antivirus software, designed by Mac security experts, that includes real-time protection. It runs natively on a wide range of Mac hardware and operating systems, including Apple’s latest Silicon Macs with macOS Ventura.
If you use a Windows PC, Intego Antivirus for Windows you can keep your computer protected from PC malware.
How can I learn more?
We mentioned the appearance of ChatGPT as a malware creation tool in our overview of the Top 20 Mac Malware Threats of 2022. We’ve also covered ChatGPT on several episodes of the Intego Mac Podcast. For more information, see a list of all Intego blog posts and podcasts about ChatGPT.
The 20 Most Notable Mac Malware Threats of 2022
Every week in the Intego Mac Podcast, Intego’s Mac security experts discuss the latest Apple news, including security and privacy stories, and offer practical advice for getting the most out of your Apple devices. Be sure to follow the podcast to make sure you don’t miss any episodes.
You can also subscribe to our electronic newsletter and keep an eye here on The Mac Security Blog for the latest security and privacy news from Apple. And don’t forget to follow Intego on your favorite social networks:
Header collage by Joshua Lengthy, based mostly on public area pictures: dummy with code, robotic face, HAL 9000 eye, virus with spike proteins.
About Joshua Lengthy
joshua lengthy (@joshmeister), Intego’s Chief Safety Analyst, is a famend safety researcher, author, and public speaker. Josh has a Grasp’s diploma in IT with a focus in Web Safety and has taken PhD stage programs in Info Safety. Apple has publicly acknowledged Josh for locating an Apple ID authentication vulnerability. Josh has carried out cybersecurity analysis for over 20 years, which has typically been featured in mainstream media all over the world. Search for extra articles from Josh at safety.thejoshmeister.com and comply with him on Twitter. See all posts by Joshua Lengthy →
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